河北文禄雕塑工艺品有限公司

商代铜器均采用合范方法铸造，范的多少则视器形而定。商代早期的铜爵是由2块腹范、1块□范、1块底范和1块芯座合范浇铸的，而商代晚期的铜爵则需用16块外范。商代中期除能够铸造大型器物外,已能用分铸的方法,将一些器物的附件预先铸好，再和主件铸接在一起，例如卣的提梁就是另行铸造的。

The bronze ware of the Shang Dynasty was cast in a combined way, and the number of fans depends on the shape of the instrument. The early Bronze emperor in the Shang Dynasty was cast by 2 abdominal fans, 1 pieces of fan, 1 bottom fans and 1 core blocks, while the bronze Duke of the late Shang Dynasty needed 16 yuan. In the middle of the Shang Dynasty, in addition to the ability to cast large utensils in the middle of the Shang Dynasty, it was able to cast some of the accessories in advance by casting, and then cast together with the main parts.

商代晚期铸造技术有更进一步的发展,如司母戊方鼎的鼎身和四足是整体铸造的,鼎耳则是在鼎身铸成后再在其上安模、翻范、浇铸而成，根

In the late Shang Dynasty, the technology of late casting has been further developed. For example, the Ding body of the Ding Wu Fang Ding and the four feet are cast as a whole.

据其体积和重量估计，所需金属料当在1000公斤以上，冶铸时必须有较大的熔铜炉，且有可能采用经地槽流注的方法进行浇铸。

According to its volume and weight, it is necessary to have a large copper melting furnace when the metal material is more than 1000 kilograms, and it may be cast by the method of geosyncline flow.

商代晚期还发展了铜镶玉的技术，例如妇好墓出土的玉援铜戈即是将玉戈援纳入铜内的陶范中铸成。藁城等地发现的铁刃铜钺也是采用这种技术铸成的。铭文 商代早期和中期的铜器上至今未见铭文。

In the late Shang Dynasty, the technology of copper jade setting was also developed. For example, the jade aid bronze Ge unearthed from the tomb of Fu Hao was built by Tao Fanzhong who brought jade into the bronze. The iron blade bronze Tomahawk discovered in Gaocheng and other places was also made by this technology. Inscriptions on bronze vessels in the early and middle Shang Dynasty have not yet been inscribed.

大概到商代晚期的第二期，铜器上才出现铭文。较早的铭文只有很少几个字,大都是族徽图像、人名或父祖名,如妇好之类。商代末年始有较长的铭文，最长有三、四十字的，内容大抵是因受赏而为父辈作器。安阳后冈祭祀坑出土的戍嗣子鼎有铭文30字，是科学发掘以来所获商代铜器中铭文最长者。

It was probably the second period of the late Shang Dynasty when the inscription appeared on the bronzes. There are only a few words in the earlier inscriptions, most of which are family emblem images, names or ancestor names, such as women's good. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, there were long inscriptions, with a maximum length of three or forty words. There are 30 inscriptions on the tripod tripod tripod, which was unearthed from the sacrificial pit in Hou Gang, Anyang. It is the oldest inscription on bronze ware of the Shang Dynasty since the scientific excavation.